John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.
Starting in bebop and hard bop, Coltrane later pioneered free jazz. He influenced generations of other musicians, and remains one of the most significant tenor saxophonists in jazz history. He was astonishingly prolific: he made about fifty recordings as a leader in a twelve years recording career, and appeared on many albums more led by other musicians -- notably with trumpeter Miles Davis. Throughout his career Coltrane's music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension that would color his legacy. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane, and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist.
He received a posthumous Special Citation from the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2007 for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz."
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